化学元素究竟怎样起名才能更出色呢
- 作者: 王清一
- 来源: 投稿
- 2024-07-25
一、化学元素究竟怎样起名才能更出色呢
化学元素命名原则国际纯粹与应用化学联合会(IUPAC)制定了化学元素命名的原则:
新元素以发现者或发现地点命名:例如,钆(Gadolinium)以芬兰化学家约翰·加多林命名,镥(Lawrencium)以加州劳伦斯伯克利国家实验室命名。
以神话人物或行星命名:例如,钶(Thorium)以北欧神话中的雷神索尔命名,冥王星(Plutonium)以罗马神话中的冥王普路托命名。
以元素的性质或特征命名:例如,氦(Helium)以希腊语中的“太阳”命名,因为它最初是在太阳光谱中发现的。
以元素的原子序数命名:例如,钔(Ununquadium)表示原子序数为 114 的元素。
更出色的命名建议在遵循 IUP??AC 原则的基础上,可以考虑以下建议,以使化学元素的命名更出色:
使用更具描述性的名称:例如,将“钔”命名为“超铀”,以反映其比铀更重的性质。
避免使用晦涩或难以发音的名称:例如,将“钆”命名为“加多林”,以纪念其发现者。
考虑元素的文化意义:例如,将“镥”命名为“美国”,以反映其在美国的发现。
使用更具美感的名称:例如,将“钔”命名为“星光”,以反映其在宇宙中的起源。
征求公众意见:通过公开征集建议,可以获得更广泛的命名选择。
其他考虑因素除了上述原则外,还应考虑以下因素:
名称的长度:元素名称应简洁易记。
名称的独特性:元素名称应与其他元素名称区分开来。
名称的国际性:元素名称应易于在不同语言中理解和发音。
二、化学元素究竟怎样起名才能更出色呢英语
How Can We Improve the Naming of Chemical Elements?
The naming of chemical elements is a complex and often controversial process. There are a number of factors that must be considered, including the element's atomic number, its chemical properties, and its history. In recent years, there has been a growing movement to reform the naming of chemical elements, with the goal of making it more systematic and easier to understand.
One of the main criticisms of the current system is that it is too arbitrary. Many elements are named after people, places, or things that have no obvious connection to the element's properties. For example, the element uranium was named after the planet Uranus, which was itself named after the Greek god of the sky. This kind of naming can make it difficult to remember the names of elements and to understand their relationships to each other.
Another criticism of the current system is that it is too Eurocentric. Most of the elements were discovered by European scientists, and their names reflect this. For example, the element germanium was named after Germany, and the element francium was named after France. This can make it difficult for people from other cultures to learn about and understand the elements.
There are a number of proposals for reforming the naming of chemical elements. One proposal is to use a more systematic approach, based on the element's atomic number. For example, the element with atomic number 1 could be called "unium," the element with atomic number 2 could be called "duium," and so on. This would make it easier to remember the names of elements and to understand their relationships to each other.
Another proposal is to use more descriptive names, based on the element's chemical properties. For example, the element with atomic number 17 could be called "chlorine," because it is a highly reactive element that forms salts with other elements. This would make it easier to understand the element's properties and its role in the periodic table.
The debate over the naming of chemical elements is likely to continue for many years to come. However, there is a growing consensus that the current system is in need of reform. By using a more systematic and descriptive approach, we can make it easier to learn about and understand the elements, and to appreciate their importance in the world around us.
三、化学元素究竟怎样起名才能更出色呢视频
化学元素命名原则1. 以科学家或发现者命名
钆(Gd):以化学家约翰·加多林(Johan Gadolin)命名
钬(Tm):以瑞典城市图勒(Thule)命名
2. 以神话或传说命名
钛(Ti):以希腊神话中的泰坦神命名
钒(V):以北欧神话中的女神华纳迪斯(Vanadis)命名
3. 以行星或天体命名
铀(U):以天王星命名
钋(Po):以波兰语中的“地球”命名
4. 以元素的性质或特征命名
氦(He):以希腊语中的“太阳”命名,因其在太阳光谱中被发现
氖(Ne):以希腊语中的“新”命名,因其是新发现的元素
5. 以元素的原子序数命名
镄(Fm):以原子序数100命名
钔(Md):以原子序数101命名
6. 以元素的发现地点命名
钬(Tm):以瑞典城市图勒(Thule)命名
钋(Po):以波兰语中的“地球”命名
7. 以元素的用途或应用命名
硅(Si):以拉丁语中的“燧石”命名,因其在玻璃和陶瓷中的应用
硼(B):以波斯语中的“硼砂”命名,因其在硼砂中的存在
8. 以元素的电子构型命名
氦(He):1s2氖(Ne):1s22s22p?
9. 以元素的化学性质命名
氟(F):以拉丁语中的“流动”命名,因其是高度反应性的气体
氯(Cl):以希腊语中的“绿色”命名,因其在潮湿空气中形成的绿色气体
10. 以元素的物理性质命名
汞(Hg):以拉丁语中的“液体”命名,因其是常温下唯一的液态金属
铋(Bi):以德语中的“白色”命名,因其是银白色的金属
四、化学元素好听的名字
银 (Argent)
金 (Aurum)铜 (Cuprum)
铁 (Ferrum)
铅 (Plumbum)
汞 (Hydrargyrum)
锡 (Stannum)
锌 (Zincum)
铂 (Platinum)
钯 (Palladium)
铑 (Rhodium)
铱 (Iridium)
锇 (Osmium)
钌 (Ruthenium)
钛 (Titanium)
锆 (Zirconium)
铌 (Niobium)
钽 (Tantalum)
钨 (Wolfram)
铼 (Rhenium)